Abstract:
This research investigates how corporate social responsibility (CSR), firm
size, liquidity, and leverage affect profitability in manufacturing firms listed on the
Indonesia Stock Exchange. Using a purposive sampling approach, data was
gathered from 22 manufacturing companies over a three-year period, from 2021 to
2023. CSR was assessed based on the GRI 2021 standards, while firm size was
evaluated through the natural logarithm of total assets. Liquidity was measured by
the ratio of current assets to current liabilities, and leverage was calculated using
the ratio of total debt to total equity. Profitability was determined using the Return
on Assets (ROA) metric. The analysis was performed with SPSS 26 software
employing multiple linear regression techniques. The findings reveal that only the
leverage variable significantly impacts profitability, whereas CSR, firm size, and
liquidity do not show a significant effect.
