SMART FIRE EVACUATION SYSTEM

Abstract

Fires are unpredictable tragedies that endangers people's lives and means of subsistence due to natural, artificial, or human factors. In Indonesia, fires are common in residential neighborhoods with high population density, particularly in lower middle-class residential neighborhoods. Human error, such as electrical short circuits, cigarette butts, burning trash, and burst gas cylinders, is typically responsible for house or structure fires.

In June 2023, 133 fire events occurred in Indonesia, with 926 fires targeting homes or settlements. Many individuals are unaware of how to put out small fires before they grow into

larger ones using automatic water sprinklers or light fire extinguishers (APAR). A less-than- optimal response to a fire might exacerbate the situation and result in casualties.

The lack of early warning signs and the location of the fire's genesis contributes to the problem. A subpar response could lead to increased fire-related fatalities and disabilities, worsening the effects on surrounding areas and personal belongings. Insufficient knowledge of self-standard evacuation and unclear fire point locations also pose risks to victims.

The main objectives of the Smart Fire Evacuation System are to minimize the impact of fire by providing early warning, smart evacuation for victims, and accurate information about fire disasters. However, there are several constraints to this system, including lack of education and public awareness, social responsibility, low participation, and technology development for effective fire response.

ix In conclusion, the Smart Fire Evacuation System aims to address these challenges by providing early warning, educating users, and enhancing their safety during fires.The development of a smart fire evacuation system faces several challenges, including the lack of an early warning system, unclear location of hotspots, limited integration of evacuation technology, and user-friendly technology. To address these issues, a system that is easily accessible and understandable for all users is needed. Socio-economic and local economic impacts are also significant, as victims may lose valuable property in advance due to the lack of an early warning system.

The problem functional analysis includes fire detection and monitoring, evacuation planning, interaction and warning, and communication. Alternative solutions include providing an interactive system for educational facilities, implementing IoT technology to improve detection speed and accuracy, and establishing an Emergency Response Training Program.

A focused alternative solution involves leveraging IoT technology for real-time tracking and visualization, using sensors strategically placed within the environment to accurately detect fire points. This data is transmitted in real-time to a centralized system, which users can access through a dedicated application on their smartphones or other devices. This application provides a visual representation of fire points on a map or floor plan, aiding in informed decisions during evacuations.

The Agile Development Method involves planning, evaluation, design, testing, and iterative improvement. The system's dependability and safety are verified through rigorous testing under heavy load. The system's performance is monitored after launch, and final userfeedback is sought to identify areas for improvement.

x In conclusion, a smart fire evacuation system can improve public safety and security by utilizing IoT technology to detect fires early and provide necessary information for emergency evacuations. Proper development and planning are crucial for achieving optimal benefits.