COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AI-DRIVEN FATIGUE MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA AND SINGAPORE: A REGULATORY, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND ESG PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

This report investigates the adoption of AI-based fatigue management systems in Indonesia and Singapore, with particular attention to regulation, digital infrastructure, organizational readiness, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) alignment. Relying on secondary sources including academic publications, industry analyses, and official documents the study offers a comparative view of how both countries respond to fatigue-related risks within transportation and mining. Findings indicate that Singapore holds a distinct advantage. A robust regulatory environment, dependable infrastructure, and deeply rooted safety practices allow the country to implement fatigue management technologies more rapidly and consistently. Indonesia, meanwhile, possesses its own set of strengths: a young workforce and expansive transport and mining industries. Yet these advantages are tempered by gaps in regulation, uneven internet access, and fragmented training programs, which slow the pace of adoption. Even so, both nations are beginning to weave fatigue management efforts into broader ESG agendas, though Singapore has taken clearer steps in linking safety innovations with sustainability commitments. What emerges from the study is that fatigue management is not simply a matter of deploying technology. The Success also relies on building trust, building capacity through training, and preparing organizations to adapt. Issues such as privacy concerns, responsiveness to alerts, and the integration of new systems into safety cultures remain crucial. To accelerate progress deployment and implementation, Indonesia would benefit from introducing more adaptive regulations, expanding digital infrastructure, investing in workforce upskilling, and strengthening the governance of AI-driven safety systems in a way that is both responsible and sustainable.