THE RISE OF CHINA AND INDONESIA'S RELATIONSHIP: THE ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE WITH THE FOCUS OF SOFT POWER (2013-2018)

Abstract

This research aims to explore and analyze how China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) scheme serves as soft power in relation to Indonesia and China's economic relationship from 2013 to 2018. In this study, the method used is a qualitative approach with content analysis techniques on sources primary and secondary sources. The research findings show that the BRI scheme is an important tool for China's soft power, aimed at expanding Chinese trade routes and standardizing Chinese products in every country where China invests. China's investment in Indonesia is aligned with the World Maritime Fulcrum program initiated by President Joko Widodo, and China sees Indonesia's relatively low level of infrastructure development as an opportunity to build cooperation and increase inter-island connectivity in Indonesia. In this context, the seriousness of the Indonesian government in developing infrastructure and managing investment funds provided by China is crucial to secure China's investment in Indonesia. However, the research also highlights challenges and risks in this cooperation, such as debt obligations and economic threats. Therefore, contingency planning is necessary to address possible problems that may arise and prioritize Indonesia's long-term economic and strategic interests. This research contributes to an understanding of bilateral relations between Indonesia and China and provides useful information for the Indonesian government to formulate policies and strategies related to economic cooperation with China.