THE GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA (GOI) ROLE IN ASEAN AGREEMENT ON TRANSBOUNDARY HAZE POLLUTION (AATHP) IMPLEMENTATION: AN ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST (2019-2023)

Abstract

The issue of transboundary haze caused by wildfires has become a phenomenon of environmental damage that recurs annually in Indonesia. This research analyzes the role of the Indonesian government in the implementation of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP) during the period 2019 to 2023, focusing on economic and environmental conflicts of interest. The research highlights the fundamental conflict between Indonesia's national

economic priorities through the palm oil industry and efforts to maintain a haze- free environment through the AATHP, a previously ratified agreement.

This study employs a liberal perspective in decision-making, where the GOI, as a state actor, is required to balance national interests and regional demands through its efforts and implementation. This dilemma of interests is exacerbated by the constraints of ASEAN's principle of non-intervention, which gives the GOI the freedom to maintain its sovereignty and ignore its commitments to the agreement. Therefore, this research will highlight the GOI compliance in balancing this dilemma through rational responses within a liberal framework in decision-making.