INDIA-U.S. DEFENSE COOPERATION: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INDIA-U.S. NEW FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT OF DEFENSE COOPERATION IN COUNTER-TERRORISM TO RESPOND PAKISTAN’S SUPPORTIVE ACT TOWARDS TERRORISM IN THE STATE OF INDIA (2008-2014)

Abstract

Terrorism affected most of the area in the South Asia region, including India. India has faced several terrorist attacks since its independence in 1947. The Mumbai bombing incident in November 2008 has made India accused its neighboring country, Pakistan, as the one that directly involved in the incident. Along with the prove, which stated that Pakistan’s Inter-Service Intelligence assisted the terrorist group, Lashkar-e-Taiba, by providing them several crucial information regarding Mumbai surroundings, has made India and Pakistan relations even worst. Previously, India and Pakistan relations were strained since 1947, because of the territorial dispute in Jammu-Kashmir region. India also found-out that the terrorist groups, including Lashkar-e-Taiba and Al-Qaeda, build a bases in Pakistan, which they called it as a “safe-havens”. Pakistan’s supportive act towards Terrorism in India has made India to take-action by build a cooperation with foreign countries, particularly with the U.S. India has found the same interest with the U.S., specifically in countering terrorism. The cooperation has proceeded into the establishment of New Framework Agreement (NFA) of Defense Cooperation between India and the U.S. Through this agreement, India and the U.S. implemented several objectives from 2008-2014 to countering terrorism, including joint military exercises, modernization of Indian army, establishing and implementation of CCI and also DTTI between India and the U.S.