SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: THE INVOLVEMENT OF TRANSNATIONAL ACTORS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STREAM PROJECT IN PANGANDARAN TO RESPOND CLIMATE CHANGE (2011-2014)

Abstract

Tourism cannot be separated of the global response to climate change. There are two things that linkages climate change and tourism, which are: the impacts of climate change on tourism and the impact of tourism activities on climate change. For these reasons, it is imperative for it to be well planned and managed, embracing the principle of sustainable tourism. Pangandaran is one of the tourist destinations in Indonesia which was affected by the tsunami in 2006 due to its vulnerability to climate change. Seeing the achievement of the previous project in responding the impact of tsunami in Pangandaran, therefore, 'Sustainable Tourism through Energy Efficiency with Adaptation Mitigation Measures' (STREAM) in Pangandaran as project of joint collaboration between Indonesia under the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy with the UNWTO Consulting Unit on Tourism and Biodiversity have been agreed to establish the project in 2011 until 2014 as the continuation of the previous project in Pangandaran through a practical of sustainable tourism to address the solution in the fight against climate change. This joint collaboration involves the transnational actors such us Indecon, IESR, adelphy, and local participation with significant roles in implementing the sustainable tourism development to respond ecological crisis and climate change in Pangandaran. The research of this thesis aims to describe the involvement of transnational actors in the implementation of STREAM project as a joint collaboration project between Indonesia and UNWTO in respond to climate change by sustainable tourism with energy efficiency, adaptation and mitigation measure. This thesis is written using qualitative method in analyzing the case chosen and in gathering all the data needed, with the combination from descriptive analytical research method to elaborate the primary sources. The result of this thesis will explain in detail on how the transnational actors involved in the implementation of STREAM as pilot project that can contribute to respond climate change through sustainable tourism to be replicated in other destinations in Indonesia and beyond.