Abstract:
In recent years, the number of vehicles has
increased significantly. As a result, drivers waste a lot of time
looking for an open parking spot or queuing to enter one. It leads
to fuel waste and raises air pollution at the same time. One
solution is to implement an innovative system that provides a
comprehensive parking solution. This work focuses on designing
a smart parking management system that allows drivers to see
the parking slots, then reserve a certain slot before arriving to
the parking area. It is a web-based system where the drivers do
not have to download any mobile application. Practically, the
system implemented ultrasonic sensors to check slot availability.
In addition, an indicator is installed at each slot to differentiate
the one that is vacant, reserved, and occupied. They are
controlled by ESP32 modules, and the data was sent wirelessly
by using MQTT protocol. Quantitatively, the ultrasonic sensors
are set to have 100 cm of distance as the threshold to differentiate
vacant and occupied slots. After experiments, it was found that
the sensor has an accuracy of 94.72%. However, there is an
approximately 10 seconds of delay since the reservation is made
until it can be successfully confirmed by the system. Finally, the
system also informs the drivers of how long they have been
parking, as well as the parking fee based on the duration of time.
