GLOBAL GOVERNANCE AND HUMAN GENOME EDITING: ANALYSING THE INVOLVEMENT AND CHALLENGES OF NON-STATE ACTORS IN ADDRESSING GERMLINE GENOME EDITING (2015-2019)

Abstract

The recent advancement of biotechnological development has led to the emergence of CRISPR technology, which can change or modify human germline. The utilisation of technology possesses global ethical and social issues. However, amidst the problems, different responses exist between state and non-state actors in addressing the issues. Hence, this qualitative study uses a review of related literature and a descriptive analysis method to analyse the phenomenon. This study applies a liberal paradigm as a main theoretical concept followed by Dingwerth and Pattberg global governance theory, complex interdependence theory, techno-scientific colonialist paternalism, and an enlightened democracy approach. As a result, this study concludes that, first, even though states actors lack response, wide varieties of non-state actors involve themselves to internationalise the issue by providing a significant reaction in the global governance of germline gene editing. This verified that the realist paradigm is no longer relevant, and non-state actors play an essential role in world politics. Second, non-state actors face challenges in the governing mechanism of germline editing when it comes to global deliberation and representation involvement. Therefore, an enlightened democracy approach is necessary to create better participation of non-state actors in world politics.