HUMAN RIGHTS AS A UNIVERSAL CONCEPT: A CONTRADICTION ON STATE’S RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE CASE OF EXTRAJUDICIAL KILLING IN “WAR ON DRUGS” CAMPAIGN UNDER DUTERTE’S ADMINISTRATION (2016-2018)

Abstract

Human Rights as a universal concept has been declared by the United Nations (UN) on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). However, Human Rights as a Universal concept has been debated by the concept of Cultural Relativism. The contradiction between both concept has influenced the perception toward Human Rights as well as the state‟s obligation to promote and protect Human Rights. In the case of “War on Drugs” campaign by Duterte, the Cultural Relativism concept of Human Rights can be found. Whereas, the extrajudicial killing practice inside the campaign has been implemented and supported by the Philippine‟s citizens. In which the extrajudicial killing has considered as a violation of Human Rights as according to UDHR. Meanwhile, Philippines has ratified the Human Rights documents as a sign of state‟s willingness to promote and protect Human Rights universally. However, by the implementation of extrajudicial killing in “War on Drugs” campaign Philippines has violated the Human Rights and fail to fulfil state‟s responsibility to protect Human Rights. This thesis concludes that the construction reason behind the support on extrajudicial killing that lead to the failure of state‟s responsibility to protect Human Rights, is the culture of killing as the cultural fault-lines. Focusing on the practice of death penalty colonialization era that drive to a practice of killing as a hardened culture. Therefore, the practice of killing has become common thing on Philippines