U.S. PERSUASIVE MARITIME DIPLOMACY UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP TOWARDS RUSSIA AND CHINA IN THE ARCTIC REGION (2016-2020)

Abstract

The Arctic is the northernmost region of the world, where most of the Arctic region is still covered by an ice sheet which makes the temperature on the surface of the Arctic to reach -34 ° C. There are 8 countries whose sovereign territory belongs to the Arctic circle, where the eight countries are members of the Arctic council. The researchers themselves concluded that the Arctic region is a place of reserves of very abundant natural resources, such as gas, oil, rare earth minerals, and metals. Due to an increase in temperature on the earth's surface or in other words "Global Warming" made part of the ice sheet covering the Arctic region begin to melt, where as a result of the melting ice sheet it has created new waterways, namely the northern sea route and the northwest passage, where both routes This can shorten the time and route of the ship's journey which results in benefits in the economic sector. With such great potential, the world's attention is focused on the Arctic region. The United States as one of the Arctic countries has also thought that the Arctic is part of their national interest, but the United States is not alone, where there are other strong players, which are Russia and China, especially with the cooperation between Russia and China in the Arctic. The United States under Donald Trump's leadership at that time was thinking of how to secure their interests in the Arctic from the threats posed by Russia and China in the region. Therefore, the United States uses persuasive maritime diplomacy as an instrument to be able to face China and Russia in the Arctic.