IDENTIFYING THE ROLE OF SHUTTLE DIPLOMACY BY THE UNITED STATES IN THE CASE OF INDIA-PAKISTAN CONFLICT IN 2001-2003

Abstract

This thesis discussed the Twin Peaks crisis between India and Pakistan to identifying the role of Shuttle Diplomacy conducted by the United States, the tension emerged caused by twice terrorist attack by Jaish-e-Mohammad and Lashkar-e-Taiba, the first attack in Indian Parliament on December 13, 2001 and the second attack on May 14, 2002. India responded with launched the Operation Parakram. The tension was escalated twice then it was terminated in October 17, 2002 and improving the relations by Pakistan initiative to declared the cease-fire agreement on November 23, 2003. This research uses the theory of third-party intervention as the concept as Shuttle Diplomacy was state serving as mediator as an external actor. The finding of my research is the role of Shuttle Diplomacy by the United States as mediator which facilitating India and Pakistan in negotiating to terminated the tension as Secretary of State and his Deputy visited both countries as they shuttling the information for and from India and Pakistan.