Abstract:
The issue of refugees and asylum seeker are the classical
problem that happened in the human civilization due to the intense of fear
being threatened for their safety. Threat might come from natural disasters
or the disasters that made by man. The rapid world population growth,
environmental condition and also political or security situation that do
not support the secure continuity of life have driven people to move out
from their area of origin and seek for a better places.
Asylum seeker is someone who is seeking international protection
as individuals or in groups. In countries with individual procedures,
asylum seekers petition is someone who has not been decided by the state
in which the petition is filed. Each application may not be granted asylum
as a refugee, but every refugee is an asylum seeker first. It is obvious
that according to UNHCR Indonesia the number of asylum seekers who
applying for asylum in Indonesia are highly increasing around 2008 till
2011 and it's will be more in another year. The occurrence of the
increasing the number asylum seeker in Indonesia caused by many
things, but the most influential factors are the push and pull factors. The
push factors are coming from the country of origin; this includes the
natural disaster, political instability, the lack of unemployment which can
cause extreme poverty, war or conflict and lack of natural resources.
While the pull factors are factors that attract the migrants to be
smuggled, this factor is coming from the destination countries, which
covers the existence of a safe, secure environment; improved economic
opportunities; familial and cultural connections; and lifestyle
considerations. Therefore to improve and find the solution in this
research, one of the ways is to know the push and pull factors itself in
order to give better solutions through good cooperation between among
states and other international organization.
